Mac OS X 10.11 上安装 MySQLdb 出现问题

问题描述

更新Mac OS X 10.11后安装MySQLdb，进入ipython交互命令后，输入import MySQLdb 

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In [1]: import MySQLdb
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ImportError                               Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-1-dd22983d5391> in <module>()
----> 1 import MySQLdb

/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.4b4-py2.7-macosx-10.10-intel.egg/MySQLdb/__init__.py in <module>()
     17 from MySQLdb.release import __version__, version_info, __author__
     18 
---> 19 import _mysql
     20 
     21 if version_info != _mysql.version_info:

ImportError: dlopen(/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.4b4-py2.7-macosx-10.10-intel.egg/_mysql.so, 2): Library not loaded: libmysqlclient.18.dylib
  Referenced from: /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.4b4-py2.7-macosx-10.10-intel.egg/_mysql.so
  Reason: image not found

问题原因

由于EI Capitan 增加了System Integrity Protection 的功能，阻止了写入的操作的，默认是开启的，需要关闭。

解决办法

重启电脑，开机时按住 cmd + R，进入 Recovery 模式。然后打开终端工具 ，输入命令：csrutil disable，然后再次重启电脑。
重启后，打开terminal输入以下命令：

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sudo ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.18.dylib /usr/lib/libmysqlclient.18.dylib

如果不关闭写入操作，将会出现以下情况：

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ln: /usr/lib/libmysqlclient.18.dylib: Operation not permitted

参考资料

http://segmentfault.com/q/1010000003026543
http://blog.csdn.net/janronehoo/article/details/25207825
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/10557507/rails-mysql-on-osx-library-not-loaded-libmysqlclient-18-dylib